A project risk is a hazard that could happen or not during the project.
What is project risk?Project risk is a potential issue that could come up during project management. Although it's impossible to account for every risk, planning for them in advance can prevent your project from failing. Contrary to what we typically associate with the word "risk," a project risk could either have a positive or negative impact on the progress of the project's goals.It could have a favorable or unfavorable impact on the project.A prospective risk is an uncontrollable unfavorable event that is likely to occur. These risks can take many different shapes and forms, such as terrorism, earthquakes, vandalism, storms, floods, and civil unrest. When such things happen, a project might stagnate or end.To Learn more About project risk refer to:
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your neighborhood dry cleaner or florist is likely to be categorized as an independent retailer. this means it is owned by
Dry cleaner or florist is likely to be categorized as an independent retailer. this means it is owned by an individual.
Who is florist?Florist is the production, business and trade of flowers. This includes floral care and handling, floral design and arrangement, sales, production, presentation and delivery of flowers. Wholesale flower sells flowers and related accessories in bulk to professionals in the field
Flower shops run shops, sell flowers. They also make and sell artistic floral and plant arrangements such as bouquets and wreaths. They are sometimes called floral designers.
Florists have different tasks and responsibilities. They stock flowers and plants in stores, plan arrangements, package and deliver products, and negotiate with customers. Because they work with perishable products under tight schedules and negotiable deadlines, their jobs can be stressful.
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Mangelo restaurant had liabilities with a carrying value of $425,000 and fair value of $600,000. How should mangelo report these liabilities on the balance sheet?.
Liabilities should be recorded at their carrying value by Mangelo and their fair value should be revealed in a remark to the financial statements.
What are financial statements?Financial statements are official records of a person, business, or other entity's financial situation and operations. A systematic and simple format is used to show pertinent financial data. In the case of large firms, these statements may be intricate and contain a substantial number of management discussion and analysis notes in addition to the financial statements' extensive footnotes. Each line item on the cash flow statement, income statement, and balance sheet is often further explained in the notes. The notes to the financial statements are regarded as being an essential component of the financial statements. Readers who "have a reasonable grasp of business and economic activities and accounting and who are prepared to study information thoroughly" should be able to understand financial statements.
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8. natural monopoly analysis the following graph shows the demand (d) for cable services in the imaginary town of utilityburg. the graph also shows the marginal revenue (mr) curve, the marginal cost (mc) curve, and the average total cost (atc) curve for the local cable company, a natural monopolist. on the following graph, use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the profit-maximizing price and quantity for this natural monopolist. monopoly outcome 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 price (dollars per subscription) quantity (number of subscriptions) d mr mc atc which of the following statements are true about this natural monopoly? check all that apply. in order for a monopoly to exist in this case, the government must have intervened and created it. the cable company is experiencing economies of scale. the cable company is experiencing diseconomies of scale. the cable company must own a scarce resource. true or false: without government regulation, natural monopolies can earn positive profit in the long run. true false
Natural monopolies are permitted when one firm can provide a good or service for less money than any potential rival, but they are frequently very tightly controlled to safeguard consumers.
What is the main goal of natural monopoly?A monopoly in economics is naturally characterized as one that results from a market condition with extraordinarily high fixed costs or challenging entry barriers for startups in special business or offering consumer services.
Because there is only one most effective firm whose supply satisfies the demand in the market effectively, a natural monopoly exists. The power sector is one illustration.
Therefore, It applies to markets where it is advantageous to supply a product or service by a single business rather than by several.
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midnight, inc. incurred the following costs related to equipment purchased on january 1, 2022: purchased equipment for $50,000, terms 2/10, net 30. paid for the equipment on january 5, 2022 had the equipment installed and paid the installer $3,000. paid the freight bill for the truck that delivered the equipment for $500. advertised a new product that will be produced by the new equipment, $1,200. sales taxes paid on the equipment amounted to $4,000. during installation, a part was broken off and had to be replaced for $1,700. midnight believes the machine will be useful for 5 years, at which time it will be sold for $3,000. assuming midnight, inc. uses the straight-line method of depreciation, what will depreciation expense on its 2023 income statement be?
The bond now has a monetary value of $1,197.945
What is a banking system?An institution that is permitted to make loans and take deposits for checking and savings accounts is a bank.Other services provided by banks include safe deposit boxes, currency exchange, and individual retirement accounts (IRAs). Among the many different types of banks are retail banks, commercial or corporate banks, and investment banks. At least since the thirteenth century, banks have been around. Customers and business owners can acquire loans from them for both personal and professional purposes, and they also provide a safe place for customers to put their cash. By employing the funds that are deposited, banks offer loans and impose interest on them..According to our question-
Given that, Future value
= $1,000Rate of interest
= 5.7% ÷ 2 = 2.85% dollar price of the bond is $1,197.95
Hence, The bond now has a monetary value of $1,197.945
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What is the major agency charged with ensuring that the u. S. Food supply is safe, wholesome, sanitary, and properly labeled?.
The "Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)" of the "USDA" makes sure that the meat, poultry, and processed egg supplies in US Food supply are wholesome, secure, and correctly labeled.
Describe the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)?A science-based national framework to guarantee food hygiene and food defense includes the FSIS.
Through the powers granted by the Federal Meat Inspection Act, including Poultry Products Inspection Act, or the Egg Products Inspection Act, in conjunction with the Humane Methods at Slaughter Act, the FSIS ensures the safety of food and the humane treatment of animals.The first food processing standards were created as a result of several events that occurred in the second half of the 1800s.By guaranteeing that meat, poultry, and eggs are secure, wholesome, and appropriately labelled, FSIS safeguards the general public's health. A science-based national framework to guarantee food security and food defense includes the FSIS.Thus, the meat, poultry, and processed egg sources in the US food supply are checked by the "Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)" of the "USDA" to ensure that they are safe, wholesome, sanitary,and properly labeled.
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what was the focus of the second new deal? question 13 options: business recovery sustaining mass purchasing power among the population promoting employment in private businesses aiding agricultural workers maintaining economic inequality
The WPA, led by Roosevelt's close ally Harry Hopkins, sought to give the unemployed work that would keep their abilities sharp.
What was the second new deal's primary goal?Programs to transfer wealth, money, and power in favor of the underprivileged, the elderly, farmers, and labor unions were also featured. The National Labor Relations Act (also known as the "Wagner Act"), the Banking Act of 1935, rural electrification, and dissolution of utility holding firms were among the most significant initiatives.
What happened in the second deal?A second New Deal would later take shape, bringing with it measures to safeguard unions, the Social Security Act, and aid for tenant farmers and migrant laborers. Many of the New Deal's initiatives or programs became known by their initials.
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the rational rule for sellers says that a seller should sell one more unit of an item if the price is:
More than or the same as the marginal cost. The rational rule for sellers states that a vendor should market one more unit of a good if the cost is: The individual supply of one of the suppliers is multiplied by ten.
When we talk about the marginal cost, we're talking about the rise in production costs brought on by the creation of more product units. The marginal cost of production is another name for it. Businesses can see how cost and, ultimately, profits are influenced by volume output by calculating the marginal cost. The expenses involved in generating an additional unit of output are referred to as marginal costs. It is calculated by dividing the fluctuation in the total cost of production by the fluctuation in the volume of goods produced. When variable costs are a part of the overall production cost, marginal costs exist. The amount of output and the price per unit of a product that will maximize profits are determined by the marginal cost of production and marginal revenue, two economic metrics.
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acme manufacturing owns a warehouse that it is not currently using. it could sell the warehouse for $300,000 or use the warehouse in a new project. should acme include the value of the warehouse as part of the initial investment in the new project?
Yes, acme include the value of the warehouse as part of the initial investment in the new project.
What is Initial Investment?
The initial sum of money required to open an account or start a buy-in relationship is known as an initial investment. The two independent but linked industries of banking and long-term investment brokering are the main uses of the phrase "initial investment." The initial investments required to start a specific project are referred to as an initial outlay. For instance, in order to start a new factory, a business would need to invest in new land and equipment. Depreciation costs are subtracted from gross capital expenditures (capex) over time to get the net investment value.
Hence, Yes, acme include the value of the warehouse as part of the initial investment in the new project.
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married individuals who elect to file separate tax returns may use the single rates to compute their tax
Married couples who decide to report their individual earnings, exemptions, and deductions on separate tax returns are said to be "married filing separately."
Married filing jointly is an alternative to married filing separately. In most cases, filing jointly makes financial sense for married couples. However, filing separately might be a better idea if one spouse has considerable medical costs or other itemized deductions, or if both spouses earn roughly the same amount of money.
Married couples who decide to report their income, exemptions, and deductions on different tax returns are said to be married filing separately.
Some couples may find it advantageous to file separately, particularly if one partner has large medical expenditures or other itemized deductions.
However, filing separately may prevent you from benefiting from several tax breaks available only to joint filers.
When completing their annual tax returns, taxpayers have a choice between the following five tax filing statuses: single, married filing jointly, married filing separately, head of household, or qualifying widow (er).
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richard is well loved by his coworkers at axel cable inc. he is viewed as having a great deal of humility, often giving credit for successes to other members of his team. as such, richard would be placed in which category of the level 5 leadership spectrum?
Ricky would be placed as level 5 executive of the leadership spectrum.
Jim Collins was a business consultant who developed the idea of Level 5 Leadership. He discussed it in a reputable 2001 Harvard Business Review article and made his findings available in his best-selling book, "Good to Great."
At Level 5 of the leadership spectrum, you possess all the skills required for the previous four levels as well as the special combination of humility and will needed to achieve true greatness. Additionally, before you reach Level 5 Leadership, you do not need to advance sequentially through each level but you do need to possess the knowledge and abilities found there.
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With fewer managers and more people in positions without managerial accountability, which building block will you rely upon to ensure jobs are properly supervised?.
The building block that will rely upon to ensure jobs are properly supervised is coordinating activities among the jobs.
What is a job?A job is a deliberate activity carried out by individuals to support their own, others', or a larger community's needs and desires. Work can be understood in the perspective of economics as the human activity that contributes to the commodities and services that make up an economy, along with other factors of production. All communities depend on work, but the nature of that work varies greatly within each society and between them. For example, some societies rely on manual labor to gather natural resources, while others operate sophisticated machines that relieve many people of their physical or even mental labor. Other resources, specialized knowledge, and tools are also needed for all but the simplest jobs (such as material for manufacturing goods). History has seen a wide diversity of attitudes toward work represented by many cultures and individuals.
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when performing confirmation of cash balances with a bank, the auditor is primarily gathering evidence related to which financial statement assertion?
When performing confirmation of cash balances with a bank, the auditor is primarily gathering evidence related to the existence of financial statement assertion.
According to the assertion of existence, the assets, liabilities, and shareholder equity balances shown on a company's financial statements exist as of the end of the accounting period that the financial statement covers. The existence assertion confirms that the balances of the assets, liabilities, and equity exist as shown in the financial statement. Existence or occurrence is the company's assets and liabilities are present as of a particular date, and the recorded transactions took place during that time.
The financial statements are presented in their entirety, including all transactions and accounts that should be included. Through confirmation and documentation inspection, auditors verify the existence of accounts receivable. The best audit evidence is generally considered to be customer confirmation because it comes from a third party.
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a firm's aftertax cost of debt will increase if there is a(n): multiple choice decrease in the company's debt-equity ratio. decrease in the company's tax rate. increase in the credit rating of the company's bonds. increase in the company's beta. decrease in the market rate of interest.
A reduction in the corporate tax rate.
Why is the debt cost after taxes more important?
Because it represents the actual cost of debt to the business, the after-tax cost of debt is more relevant. Because interest is a expense that can be deducted from taxable income, the total amount that we pay in interest is reduced to the extent that we save taxes by deducting it.
What is the cost of debt formula?
You will need to know your effective tax rate in order to calculate the cost of debt by dividing total debt by total interest.Then, add up all of those outcomes. Divide the amount you owe by your interest rate to get the weighted average interest rate. Your weighted average interest rate is 6.5 percent.
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defined benefit pension plans: a.are less regulated pension plans b.are not insured through the pension benefit guaranty corporation (pbgc) c.require a specific contribution each pay period d.promise a specific pension benefit upon retirement
Benefit pension plans promise a specific pension benefit upon retirement.
Thus, the correct option is D.
What is pension?A pension is a retirement savings account for an employee that is funded by the company, the employee, or both, with the employer often footing the majority of the bill. When an employee retires, she receives an annuity based on the pension's rules.
For illustration, a pension plan might offer 1% of the participant's average annual wage for the final five years of employment for each year of service. 2 With an average final-years compensation of $50,000, a worker with 35 years of experience at that organization would earn $17,500 annually.
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what is the customer margin for denny corporation? what conclusion can you draw from this information?
The entire revenue that a customer generates (from all transactions) less the cost to acquire and maintain them is known as customer margin. Providing the same excellent service to every customer won't get you where you want to go—you need a diversity of clients who contribute to positive customer margins. Take the amount a customer paid and deduct amortized fixed costs to determine the profit margin.
Computation of Customer margin:
Sales = $9000
Less: Costs
Direct Material = $1800
Direct Labor = $1350
Manufacturing
Overhead = $6750 ($9900)
Customer Margin = ($900)
With a $900 negative customer margin, it can be concluded that Denny Corporation is not profitable.
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which of the following statements is true? a.) a price floor happens when the market clears. b.) a price ceiling creates surplus when it is binding. c.) a price ceiling is when the minimum wage is higher than the prevailing market wage. d.) a price floor is binding when it is placed above equilibrium.
d.) a price floor is binding when it is placed above equilibrium.
Is an equilibrium above a binding price floor?A price floor that is set above the equilibrium price is an effective (or binding) price floor. A price ceiling that is placed below the equilibrium price is an effective (or binding) price ceiling. Dead-weight loss results from effective pricing ceilings and floors. A strong price floor generates a surplus that is advantageous to suppliers.
A price floor that is erected above the equilibrium price is a binding price floor. A price floor needs to be binding in order to be effective. It is forbidden to purchase and sell at the equilibrium price or any other price that is lower than the price floor when there is a binding price floor.
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leisure lodge corporation is expected to pay the following dividends over the next four years: $20.00, $15.00, $7.80 and $3.10. afterwards, the company pledges to maintain a constant 6 percent growth rate in dividends forever. if the required return on the stock is 17 percent, what is the current share price?
Leisure lodge corporation is expected to pay the following dividends over the next four years: $20.00, $15.00, $7.80 and $3.10. afterwards, the company pledges to maintain a constant 6 percent growth rate in dividends forever. If the required return on the stock is 17 percent, $50.51 is the current share price.
Required return= 17%
Perpetual growth= 6%
Dividend at first year=20
Dividend at second year= 15
Dividend at third year= 7.80
Dividend at fourth year= 3.10
Dividend at fifth year=3.10*1.06 = 3.29
Terminal value at year 4=
Dividend at fifth year/required return-perpetual growth
=3.29/.17-.06
=29.87
Current price= 20/1.17 +15/(1.17)^2 + 7.80/(1.17)^3 +(3.10 + 29.87)/1.174
=17.09 + 10.96 + 4.87 +17.59
=$50.51
How do you find current share price?
The market price per share is used to determine a company's market capitalization, or "market capitalization." To calculate, multiply the company's current share price by the total number of outstanding shares.
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5. Patrice wants to start her own business or become her own boss someday. However, she isn't sure what opportunities are available. She asks for your help. How would you examine and describe entrepreneurship opportunities for Patrice so she can best create a career plan
Techniques for Finding Business Opportunities
Select Your Pain Areas. Start with yourself when looking for prospective market demands.Run a market research study. Market analysis is another approach to demonstrate the viability of a company proposal.Questioning techniques.Concentrate on your advantages and your goalsThe five types of business opportunity for entrepreneurs are
Dealership or DistributorshipBuy a FranchiseFilling a Niche (a profitable small segment)Network marketing andLicensing
What do you think of when you think about business opportunities?
Entrepreneurial opportunity arises when there is a clear consumer need and the ability to deliver the sought good or service. In the sphere of entrepreneurship, some requirements must be satisfied before a concept can become an opportunity.
The significance of evaluating needs in order to find a business opportunity. Before putting your business plan into action, you must ascertain the demands and preferences of your target market. The idea must be financially supported, and it will fail when there is no demand for it.
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production management is the traditional term used to describe all the activities managers do to help their firms create
Production management is the traditional term used to describe all the activities managers do to help their firms create goods.
Production is the procedure of mixing diverse fabric inputs and immaterial inputs for you to make some thing for consumption. it's miles the act of making an output, a good or provider which has fee and contributes to the utility of people.
An example of manufacturing is the producing of motors. cars are made through assembling elements together. for instance, rubber tires are introduced to steel our bodies to make seats established earlier than the auto is pushed off the production line.
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When demand is elastic, the portion of the tax borne by consumers is that area between _____.
a) P1 and P3
b) a and c
c) P2 and P1
d) P2 and P3
When demand is elastic, the portion of the tax borne by consumers is that area between c) P2 and P1
What is elasticity?
Elasticity is a term used in economics to describe how much one economic variable changes in reaction to a change in another. If a product's price elasticity of demand is negative two, a 10% rise in price results in a 20% decrease in demand.
A demand that is elastic experiences a significant shift in quantity demanded as a result of a price adjustment. When the amount sought changes little as a result of a price adjustment, the demand is said to be inelastic.
There are five further types of demand elasticity: unitary elastic, perfectly elastic, moderately elastic, and perfectly inelastic. These categories help to explain the amount to which economic variables affect the quantity desired.
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world wide delivery service corporation develops a way to speed up its deliveries and reduce its costs. we would expect that this would
Increase the supply of the current shares of stock, which will lower the price.Companies like World Wide Delivery Service Corporation are renowned for providing products and services to customers safely and affordably.
It serves as a tool to facilitate economic marketing of goods and services.It should be mentioned that the World Wide Delivery Service Corporation devises ways to make deliveries more quickly and to cut expenses, which increases the supply of the current shares of stock and lowers the price.Operators in the global courier and delivery services sector mainly offer business clients express courier delivery services for packages, papers, and goods by air, surface, or mixed routes. In order to meet customer expectations, industry operators typically offer services between metropolitan areas or urban centres and create a network that includes local pickup and delivery. National postal services and commercial aeroplanes don’t offer services in this sector.
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a person who invests in a fixed annuity would be most concerned with the performance of the insurance company's:
A person who invests in a fixed annuity would be most concerned with the performance of the insurance company's is general account .
The insurance company's general account is what backs an insurance company's fixed annuities and traditional (guaranteed) insurance products.
On the opposite hand, the performance of a variable annuity is said to the performance of the insurance company's separate account.
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If a firm decide to eliminate a product line that produce a yearly net lo of $21000 it yearly net income
Option A is the proper response. It will only increase by $21,000 if it can completely eliminate all of the fixed expenses related to that product line.
Net income, in both business and accounting, is an entity's revenue fewer costs, depreciation and amortization, interest, and taxes for a given accounting period.
All fixed expenses related to a discontinued product line should also be discontinued. then the corporation can add $21,000 to its overall net profits. When a product line is discontinued, variable expenses are automatically eliminated.
The correct response is A. only if it can eliminate all of the fixed costs related to that product line will it increase by $21,000.
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COMPLETE QUESTION:
If a firm decides to eliminate a product line that produces a yearly net loss of $21,000, its yearly net income
A. will increase by $21,000 only if it can eliminate all of the fixed costs associated with that product line.
B. will increase by $21,000 only if it can eliminate all of the variable costs associated with that product line.
C. will automatically increase by $21,000.
D. will decrease unless the firm can eliminate all of the fixed costs associated with that product line.
3. what tool is used to determine how a project is executed, monitored, controlled, and closed? a. raci chart b. communication plan c. project management plan d. change management plan
(C) A project management plan is used to determine how a project is executed, monitored, controlled, and closed.
What is Project Management Plan?How a project is carried out, tracked, managed, and closed is decided by a project management plan.An executive summary, Gantt chart or timetable, stakeholder or team chart, risk assessment, communication sub-plan, and resource sub-plan are all included in a project management plan.The five stages of project management—conception and initiation, project planning, project execution, performance/monitoring, and project close—were created by the Project Management Institute (PMI). It acts as a roadmap by outlining the project phases, important project tasks, their start and end dates, interdependencies, and project milestones.Therefore, (C) a project management plan is used to determine how a project is executed, monitored, controlled, and closed.
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The features and functionality of a newly installed information system are fixed or adapted during the ________ phase.
The features and functionality of a newly installed information system are fixed or adapted during the requirements analysis phase.
Requirements analysis, also known as requirements engineering, is the process of determining user expectations for a new or changed product. These characteristics, known as requirements, must be quantifiable, relevant, and detailed. In software engineering, these requirements are often referred to as functional specifications.
In systems engineering and software engineering, requirements analysis focuses on tasks that determine a need or condition to satisfy a new or changed product or project. The main types of requirements analysis include business, customer, product, functional, and non-functional requirements. Each represents a stakeholder or phase of the project and communicates the needs of the project.Learn more about requirements analysis here: https://brainly.com/question/13897351
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which of the following is a question regarding psychosocial characteristics that affect product adaptation?
Product adaptation is the process of altering a product to meet the wishes of customers in a market other than the one in which it is made. This can be an essential section of a company's strategy for promoting in a overseas country.
What are the types of product adaptation?The extraordinary kinds of product and advertising and marketing change include: Tangible adaptation - editing the product's physical elements. Intangible adaptation - enhancing the product's intangible factors to the overseas market. Promotional adaptation - altering the types and methods of advertising and the media used
Examples encompass the lengthy necks of giraffes for feeding in the tops of trees, the streamlined our bodies of aquatic fish and mammals, the light bones of flying birds and mammals, and the lengthy daggerlike canines teeth of carnivores.
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https://brainly.com/question/28155051#SPJ4what concerns are often expressed by those who criticize electronic monitoring of employee productivity?
Concerns are often expressed by those who criticize electronic monitoring of employee productivity is It allows companies to treat employees as robots.
Censure, condemn, denounce, reprehend, and reprobate are some typical synonyms for critique. While all of these terms refer to "finding fault publicly," criticizing means specifically finding fault with procedures, rules, or goals.
criticize is the process of forming an opinion regarding the shortcomings of someone or something. The form of criticize can vary, from casual remarks to a written, in-depth response.
A person who is paid to work for another person or business is an employee. Employees need only be paid by an employer for their labor in order to qualify as employees; they are not required to work full-time (the person or business that pays them). A person who works for a business and receives compensation is called an employee.
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next year jenkins traders will pay a dividend of $3.00. it expects to increase its dividend by $0.25 in each of the following three years. if their required rate of return is 14 percent, what is the present value of their dividends over the next four years? (do not round intermediate calculations
The present value of the dividends of Jenkins Traders is $9.72
The value of the cash flows at the current date, discounted at the required rate of return, is referred to as the stream's present value. Present value accurately depicts the value of cash flows because money's value diminishes over time. A dividend is a payment made by a company to its shareholders that is decided by the board of directors.
Dividend in year 1 = $3.00
Now, the dividends increase by $0.25 every year
Dividend in year 2 = $3.00 + $0.25 = $3.25
Dividend in year 3 = $3.25 + $0.25 = $3.50
Dividend in year 4 = $3.50 + $0.25 = $3.75
Required rate of return, r = 14% = 0.14
[tex]{}Present\ value\ = \frac{3.00}{(1 + 0.14)^1} + \frac{3.25}{(1 + 0.14)^2} + \frac{3.50}{(1 + 0.14)^3} + \frac{3.75}{(1 + 0.14)^4} = $9.72 {}[/tex]
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direct selling is likely to grow multiple choice wherever consumers are knowledgeable shoppers. in markets where convenience is relatively unimportant. in locations that have excellent infrastructure. in locations where there are established and effective distribution channels.incorrect among consumers who prefer a more social shopping experience.
The direct selling is likely to grow outside United States.
What is direct selling?A direct seller can earn money by purchasing goods from a parent company and selling them directly to clients in single-level marketing, while multi-level marketing is another form of direct selling. The FTC claims that "direct selling is a general phrase that embraces a multiplicity of business types focusing on person-to-person selling in venues other than retail facilities, such as the home of the salesperson or potential consumer, or social media platforms." In addition to online sales, modern direct selling also includes sales made through party plans, one-on-one interactions, and other forms of personal contact. Direct selling is described as "the direct personal presentation, demonstration, and sale of items and services to consumers, typically in their homes or at their employment" by some sources.
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true or false: ethical principles in business differ substantially from general ethical principles in society.
Ethical principles in business differ substantially from general ethical principles in society is false.
Although many of us would agree that it it is not correct. the main difference between general principles and ethical principle is general principles, in contrast to moral Standards, don't represent obligations and should not form the basis for imposing sanctions. Relying upon General Principles for either of those reasons distorts both their meaning and purpose
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