In the gel electrophoresis lab, you determined the genotype of three different DNA samples.
Gel electrophoresis is a process that allows you to separate fragments of DNA based on size. You place different size fragments of DNA into a gel, then apply current to the buffer surrounding the gel, the DNA will travel through the gel but move at different speeds based on the different fragment sizes. Larger fragments of DNA will move slower than smaller fragment sizes.
Let consider two different alleles:
the bigger allele -- Athe smaller allele -- aThe bigger allele happens to contain a restriction site that is allowed to be cleaved by a restriction enzyme while the smaller allele has a mutation in the restriction site that means that it will not be recognized and cleaved by that same restriction enzyme.
Let us remember that the person will have two copies of this gene and can be:
H0m0zygous dominant AAh0m0zygous recessive aaheterozygous AaAn individual with h0m0zyg0us AA only have versions of the gene that will be cut by the restriction enzymes, each allele producing a small fragment of DNA and a medium-size fragment of DNA
An individual with the genotype aa only has the version of the gene that does not have the restriction site and therefore does not get cut by the restriction enzyme. The DNA sample from this individual will have a single larger fragment of DNA.
When you isolate DNA from heterozygous Aa, half of the DNA isolated has the allele with the restriction site that gets cut into two fragments while the other half will have the allele that does not have the restriction site and remains whole when a restriction enzyme is added.
Therefore, we can conclude that in the gel electrophoresis lab, you determined the genotype of three different DNA samples.
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The Chemical composition of the cell membrane
Answer:
cell membrane
Explanation:
Cell membranes are composed primarily of fatty-acid-based lipids and proteins. Membrane lipids are principally of two types, phospholipids and sterols (generally cholesterol).
what does the word gastropoda mean
Answer:
a large class of mollusks which includes snails, slugs, whelks, and all terrestrial kinds.
Explanation:
hope that helps :D!
Which of the following adaptations found in animals in deciduous forests protects against predators? a. Fat storage b. Migration c. Hibernation d. Camouflage.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Answer:
d i just took the test
Explanation:
One way scientists can analyze and interpret data to identify potential environmental factors is by (1 point)
studying how genes are organized in DNA of one organism.
analyzing the distribution or variation in traits across a population.
determining how traits are expressed in an organism.
confirming that a trait is always expressed in an organism.
Answer:
I think its analyzing the distribution or variation in traits across a population.
Explanation:
Environmental factors include factors in the surroundings that can have impact on humans. This include climate, temperature, population density, pollutants etc.
A way that scientist can analyze and interpret data to identify the potential environmental factors is by analyzing the distribution or variation in traits across a population.
Across a population, environmental factors might play a role with regards to any of the factors including distribution by allowing for variations to occur in these traits.These variations can then be studied and analyzed. The other options are determined by genetic factors.Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/3238334
what species accepts electrons in the final step of the electron transport chain?
Answer:
Oxygen
Explanation:
Because it’s oxygen I don’t know ♀️
The biological theory of aging known as the _______ theory suggests that cells can divide a maximum number of about 75 to 80 times and that cells become less capable of dividing as people age.
Answer:
cellular clock theory
Explanation:
Good luck & Have an amazing day :)
Why is RNA thought to have been the first genetic material? A. RNA has been found on meteorites. B. Primitive organisms, such as some viruses, have RNA as their genetic material. C. RNA is capable of self-replication D. RNA is structurally simpler than DNA.
Answer:
B.
Explanation:
Because if they have traces of RNA in them, then it might be the first genetic material
What are the characteristics of the mantle?
[tex] \: \: \: [/tex]
It is mostly solid rock, but less viscous at tectonic plate boundaries and mantle plumesMantle rocks there are soft and able to move plastically (over the course of millions of years) at great depth and pressure. The transfer of heat and material in the mantle helps determine the landscape of Earth.hope it helps
[tex] \: \: \: [/tex]
Answer:
Here's something i found to help.
the sum of all chemical reactions carried out in an organism is
Answer:
the sum of all chemical reactions carried out in an organism is metabolism
GIVE BRAINLIEST :)
Answer:
Metabolism
Explanation:
Metabolism, the sum of the chemical reactions that take place within each cell of a living organism and that provide energy for vital processes and for synthesizing new organic material.
What is the primary function of the
skeletal system?
A. Providing shape and support
B. Removing waste from the
body
C. Circulating blood throughout
the body
D. Producing offspring
Answer:
The primary function of the skeletal system is by (A) Providing shape and support.
I hope this helped at all.
Define negative feedback in biology
Answer:
A negative feedback loop occurs in biology when the product of a reaction leads to a decrease in that reaction. In this way, a negative feedback loop brings a system closer to a target of stability or homeostasis
Explanation:
Negative feedback occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances
modern horses are larger than ancestral horses. this is an example of
Answer:
stabilizing selection
Explanation:
What happens to the genetic material before the cell divides
Because each chromosome is made from a single molecule of 'DNA', before a cell divides itself, it had to replicate and copy its DNA. This makes it so that after cell division, each new cell holds an exact copy of the genetic material from the original cell.
I hope this helps! :)
which kind of damage to dna can be caused by x-rays?
Explanation:
Alpha particles, beta particles and X-rays can directly affect a DNA molecule in one of three ways: Changing the chemical structure of the bases; Breaking the sugar-phosphate backbone; or. Breaking the hydrogen bonds connecting the base pairs.
✌️
. Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic condition where cells build up with large, complex, and undigested lipids. Which organelle must be malfunctioning (not working) in this condition
Answer:
lysosomes
Explanation:
missing lysosomal enzyme
what organ retains or releases body fluids, thereby regulating blood volume and blood pressure?
Answer:
excretion
Explanation:
waste
Answer: Kidneys
Explanation:
What is a force that opposes motion through direct contact?
A. Friction
B. Pull
C. Push
Answer: a) Friction
Explanation: Friction is a force that opposes motion. When two objects are in contact, friction is acts in a direction opposite to the motion of the object.
Walking through a forest you
encounter fallen leaves, dead
organisms, a rotting stump. All of
these can be described as
A. autotrophs.
B. primary consumers.
C. trophic levels.
D. detritus.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
D is really decomposing waste of anytime so I think that’s the answer.
In a forest fallen leaves, dead organisms, a rotting stump. All of these can be described as detritus, hence option D is correct.
What are detritus in the ecosystem?Detritus is a term used in ecology to describe organic stuff that comes from nearby terrestrial populations and falls onto the soil or into bodies of water, including leaves and other plant parts, animal remains, waste products, and other organic trash.
Detritivorous invertebrates, which are prominent elements of almost all ecosystems, eat detritus, which is a significant pool of carbon in the global carbon cycle.
Therefore, detritus food chains, in contrast to terrestrial food chains, begin with dead organic materials rather than producers or autotrophs, hence option D is correct.
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Where does the light reaction of photosynthesis take place
Answer:
Takes place in the thylakoids.
A stack of thylakoids is the granum.
Answer:
Light reaction takes place in the thylakoid discs.
Two brothers have thick hair that grows over their faces and most of their bodies.
This human disorder, called Ambra's Syndrome, shows X-linked dominant inheritance. The
mother of the boys is also affected by Ambra's Syndrome, although her excessive hair growth
occurs in various, scattered patches on her skin rather than a continuous coverage like her sons.
What is the most likely explanation for the patchy expression of hairlessness on the mother's
skin?
The most likely explanation for the irregular expression of hairlessness on the mother's skin is codominance
Codominance is a biological term to refer to the hereditary pattern that is characterized by:
In the heterozygous state, there is no recessive allele, but both behave as dominant. Codominance is characterized by the manifestation of both characteristics as dominant, without mixing.According to the above, the irregular expression of the lack of hair in the mother is a manifestation of the codominance of the hair gene and the hairless gene that do not mix but are seen independently.
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neuroglial cells that produce cerebrospinal fluid are called
Answer:
Ependymal cells
Explanation:
Ependymal cells line the spinal cord and ventricles of the brain. They are involved in creating cerebrospinal fluid
Within the cell, vacuoles can be thought
of as which of the following?
Answer:
B. warehouses
Explanation:
i just paid attention in class. Is that a good enough explanation?
10 An enzyme in potato cells causes oxygen to be produced from hydrogen peroxide.
Cubes of potato were incubated with hydrogen peroxide at different temperatures.
The numbers of bubbles of oxygen released per minute were counted at each temperature.
The table shows the results.
emperaturer
number of butibles /bubbles per minute
25
35
45 55
15
96
98
82
36
1
The results suggest the optimum temperature for the enzyme is between which two values?
A 15 °C and 35 °C B
35 °C and 45 °C C
35 °C and 55 °C D
45 °C and 55°C
Answer:D
Explanation:
The optimum temperature for the enzyme is between 45 °C and 55°C. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
What is an optimum temperature for enzyme?Most enzymes perform best at a temperature of around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius). Additionally, some enzymes function well both at low and high temperatures. For instance, while animals in desert climates have enzymes adapted to higher temperatures, those in the Arctic have them adapted to lower optimal temperatures.
The reaction rate will accelerate as more hydrogen peroxide is added to the mixture because more substrate molecules can interact with the enzyme and produce more product as a result. As you increase the amount of H2O2 in your reaction, more foam is generated in your cup as a result.
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how are lymphatic capillaries different from blood capillaries?
Answer:
Lymphatic Capillaries are slightly larger in diameter than blood capillaries, and have closed ends (unlike the loop structure of blood capillaries). Their unique structure permits interstitial fluid to flow into them but not out.
Explanation:
Around what time was the cure for scurvy found?
Explanation:
During the Age of Sail, it was assumed that 50 percent of the sailors would die of scurvy on a major trip. A Scottish surgeon in the Royal Navy, James Lind, is generally credited with proving that scurvy can be successfully treated with citrus fruit in 1753.
Answer:
in 1747 by James Lind ......
1. Two plant species grow together in an oak savanna. One is fairly long-lived and produces few large seeds. The other is short-lived and produces many small seeds. a. What are the ecological advantages and disadvantages of each
Answer:
d
took the test
Explanation:
Large seeds advantages:
They have a higher chance of germination and thriving.Large seeds disadvantages:
They can not easily spread to new areas.Small seed advantages:
They can spread easier to new areas.Small Seed disadvantages:
They have a lower chance of surviving.
Large and small seeds main difference resides in their structure. The structure allows them to survive or to cover new areas. The disadvantage is that it can only do one of the two things.
Large seeds, as they are larger:
They have a structure that allows them to store more energy than small seeds. As a consequence, they have more elements to thrive and grow into a plant than small ones.Due to their size, they are heavier. They do not spread as far as the others.Small seeds :
They do not have enough energy to grow, so they need more aid from the environment than large ones. In other words, their chances of survival are lower.The advantage is that they can colonize wide areas due to their lightness. So, even though they are small, they spread easier and cover more territory than large seeds.
To sum up, small seeds have a lower chance of survival, but they are more and cover longer distances. While large ones have a higher chance of survival, but they are fewer and cover short distances.
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When was Geoffrey Chaucer captured ?
Answer:
1359
Explanation:
We do not know any details of his early life and education. In 1357, he was a page to Elizabeth, Countess of Ulster, wife of Edward III's third son. Chaucer was captured by the French during the Brittany expedition of 1359, but was ransomed by the king.
Kinetic energy depends on
Question 2 options:
Density and volume
Mass and speed
Position and height
Heat and pressure
Hurry please i am timed and i will give brainliest answer
Answer:
Kinetic energy depends upon Mass and speed.
Explanation:
HOPE IT'S CORRECT
Answer:
Kinetic energy is the stored energy in a moving object
Explanation:
if a truck has low kg means it has less kinetic energy thus making the answer C
gene regulation can occur only during transcription and translation.
The statement described is false, gene regulation is a process that can occur at any time during the expression of a gene.
Gene regulation includes all those processes that affect the action of the final products of genes, that is, the regulation of the synthesis of macromolecules is called gene regulation or expression.
This regulation can be carried out at any stage of the synthesis or maturation of the macromolecules, and taking into account many variables it will be developed at the most appropriate point.One of the most important regulation points is carried out at the level of transcription, since this is the initial stage of transfer of genetic information, control is achieved at the beginning.Therefore, we can conclude that the pathway that leads from DNA to proteins is made up of multiple stages, and gene regulation can occur at any time during them.
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how do mirnas function in controlling gene expression?
Answer:
The genes of the ath operon code for the enzymes necessary to use athelose as an energy source. ... How do miRNAs function in controlling gene expression? by binding to mRNAs and degrading them or blocking their translation. Name the starting molecule from which cDNA is synthesized and the enzyme that does the synthesis
Explanation: